Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells, a type of white blood cell found in the bone marrow. Unlike other cancers, multiple myeloma primarily disrupts the bone structure, making it a critical area of concern for patients. Bones are particularly affected because myeloma cells stimulate osteoclasts (cells responsible for breaking down bone tissue) while suppressing osteoblasts (cells that build bone).

This imbalance results in conditions like osteolytic lesions, which are weakened areas in the bone and increase the risk of fractures. Common symptoms include persistent bone pain, especially in the spine and ribs, and an increased susceptibility to fractures, even with minor injuries. Recognising and addressing these risks early is essential for improving the quality of life for people living with this condition.

How Can You Prevent Bone Complications in Multiple Myeloma?

Preventing bone complications involves a combination of medical treatment, dietary choices, physical activity, and lifestyle adjustments. Each of these elements plays a vital role in maintaining bone integrity and reducing the impact of multiple myeloma on skeletal health.

Which Medical Treatments Help Strengthen Bones in Multiple Myeloma?

One of the most effective medical interventions for bone health in multiple myeloma is the use of bone-modifying agents, such as Denub injection containing Denosumab. This medication specifically targets osteoclast activity, reducing bone resorption and lowering the risk of fractures. 

Other treatments include bisphosphonates, which also work to slow bone breakdown. However, both options require close monitoring for side effects such as jaw problems or kidney issues. Consulting your oncologist for regular assessments and adjustments is crucial when using these therapies.

What Are the Best Foods to Strengthen Bones?

A balanced diet rich in bone-friendly nutrients can support medical treatments and help maintain bone density. Incorporating these foods to strengthen bones into daily meals can be highly beneficial:

  1. Dairy Products: Milk, yoghurt, and cheese are rich in calcium, a key mineral for bone health. Opt for fortified versions to boost vitamin D intake as well.
  2. Leafy Greens: Vegetables like kale, spinach, and broccoli are excellent plant-based sources of calcium.
  3. Nuts and Seeds: Almonds and chia seeds contain magnesium, which helps the body absorb calcium effectively.
  4. Fatty Fish: Salmon, mackerel, and sardines provide both vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids, supporting bone strength.
  5. Fortified Foods: Cereals, orange juice, and plant-based milk often contain added calcium and vitamin D to enhance bone health.

It's equally important to limit foods that can deplete calcium levels, such as those high in salt or caffeine. Pair your meals with calcium-absorbing nutrients like vitamin C for added benefits.

Is Exercise Safe for People with Multiple Myeloma?

Physical activity tailored to an individual's condition is not only safe but also highly beneficial. Weight-bearing exercises, such as walking and light strength training, help stimulate bone formation and improve overall bone density.

For people with multiple myeloma, yoga is particularly helpful. Yoga for bone health focuses on gentle stretches and poses that improve flexibility, posture, and balance while avoiding undue stress on the bones. Some beneficial poses include:

  1. Tree Pose (Vrikshasana): Enhances balance and strengthens the legs.
  2. Bridge Pose (Setu Bandhasana): Strengthens the spine and hips.
  3. Cat-Cow Pose (Marjaryasana-Bitilasana): Increases flexibility and alleviates back pain.
  4. Child's Pose (Balasana): Relieves tension in the lower back and hips, offering gentle relaxation.
  5. Mountain Pose (Tadasana): Improves posture and aligns the body, helping to reduce unnecessary strain on bones.
  6. Reclining Bound Angle Pose (Supta Baddha Konasana) opens the hips and stretches the inner thighs, enhancing flexibility without adding stress.
  7. Corpse Pose (Savasana): Encourages deep relaxation, allowing the body to recover and heal.
  8. Seated Forward Bend (Paschimottanasana): Gently stretches the lower back and hamstrings, improving overall flexibility.

It's advisable to work with a physical therapist or yoga instructor experienced in managing cancer-related bone conditions.

How Can You Minimize Bone Injury Risks in Daily Life?

Preventing bone injuries involves more than medical treatment and diet. Simple lifestyle adjustments can go a long way in reducing risks:

  1. Home Safety: Eliminate tripping hazards like loose rugs and install handrails in bathrooms and staircases.
  2. Proper Posture: Use ergonomic furniture and maintain correct posture to avoid stress on the spine.
  3. Avoid Smoking and Alcohol: Both can weaken bones by interfering with calcium absorption.
  4. Regular Monitoring: Frequent bone density scans can help track progress and detect early signs of weakening.
  5. Adequate Lighting: Ensure all rooms, hallways, and staircases are well-lit to minimise the risk of falls, especially during the night. Use motion-sensor lights for added convenience and safety.
  6. Supportive Footwear: Wear shoes with non-slip soles and good arch support to reduce the risk of slipping or losing balance, both indoors and outdoors.

By combining these precautions with a robust treatment plan, you can significantly reduce the risk of bone complications.

Final Thoughts

Living with multiple myeloma presents unique challenges, but proactive measures can significantly reduce bone complications. From incorporating foods that strengthen bones into your diet to embracing the benefits of yoga for bone health, every step counts. With the guidance of your healthcare provider, you can develop a comprehensive strategy to protect your bones and improve your quality of life.